A 1.0-kg standard cart A collides with a 0.10-kg cart B. The x component of the velocity of cart A is +0.70 m/s before the collision and +0.50 m/s after the collision. Cart B is initially traveling toward cart A at 0.40 m/s , and after the collision the x component of its velocity is +1.6 m/s .

Part A: What is the x component of the change in the momentum of A?
Part B: What is the x component of the change in the momentum of B?
Part C: What is the sum of these two x components of the changes in momentum?

Part A

-0.2kgm/s

Part B

+0.12m/s

Part C

-0.08kgm/s

Explanation

Momentum of a body is defined as the product of mass of the body band its velocity.

Momentum = mass × velocity

Change in momentum = m(v-u)

v is the final velocity of the body

u is the initial velocity of the body.

For cart A:

Mass m = 1.0kg

Initial velocity u = +0.70m/s(velocity before collision)

Final velocity' v = +0.5m/s(velocity after collision)

∆Momentum = 1(0.5-0.7)

= 1(-0.2)

= -0.2kgm/s

The x component of the change in the momentum of A is -0.2kgm/s

For cart B:

Similarly;

∆momentum = 0.1(1.6-0.4)

∆momentum = 0.1×1.2

∆momentum = +0.12kgm/s

The x component of the change in the momentum of B is +0.12kgm/s

Part C:

The sum of these two x components of the changes in momentum = (∆momentum)A + (∆momentum)B

= -0.2+0.12

= -0.08kgm/s

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.