Why is the wavelike nature of a moving baseball typically not observed?

Free runners jump long distances and land on the ground or a wall. how do they apply newton’s second law to lessen the force of impact?

Acup of coffee sits on the dashboard of an automobile. the car goes around a sharp curve. even though you hold the cup still, coffee still splashes out. this can best be explained due to a) density. b) friction. c) gravity. d) inertia.

Could someone . i have tried to solve myself but my calculation is off