The unit of current, the ampere, is defined in terms of the force between currents. Two 1.0-meter-long sections of very long wires a distance 2.5 m apart each carry a current of 1.0 A. You may want to review (Pages 784 - 787) . What is the force between them?

1.6 x N

Explanation:

If the force between two actual wires has this value, the current is defined to be exactly 1 A.

The force between two parallel wires carrying current can be defined as,

F=  μ L/ 2πd

where,

current = 1Amp

current = 2amp

Length 'L'= 1m

distance 'd'= 2.5m

permeability of free space 'μ'= 4πx N/m

Putting the above values in the equation,

F=( 4πx x 1 x 2 x 1 )/ 2πx2.5

F= 1.6 x N

b.

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as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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