Circuit A in a house has a voltage of 208 V and is limited by a 40.0-A circuit breaker. Circuit B is at 120.0 V and has a 20.0-A circuit breaker. What is the ratio of the maximum power delivered by circuit A to that delivered by circuit B

Given Information:  

Voltage of circuit A = Va = 208 Volts

Current of circuit A = Ia = 40 Amps

Voltage of circuit B = Vb = 120 Volts

Current of circuit B = Ib = 20 Amps

Required Information:  

Ratio of power = Pa/Pb = ?

Ratio of power = Pa/Pb = 52/15

Explanation:  

Power can be calculated using Ohm's law

P = VI

Where V is the voltage and I is the current flowing in the circuit.

The power delivered by circuit A is

Pa = Va*Ia

Pa = 208*40

Pa = 8320 Watts

The power delivered by circuit B is

Pb = Vb*Ib

Pb = 120*20

Pb = 2400 Watts

Therefore, the ratio of the maximum power delivered by circuit A to that delivered by circuit B is

Pa/Pb = 8320/2400

Pa/Pb = 52/15

most voltage drop calculators want the distance between the source and destination. then internally, they double it so both the source and return wires are calculated. but you need to know which distance the calculator uses so you're not half of what you should be or double what you should be.

most circuit breakers will not take a #6 directly, so the electrician will have to splice on a smaller pigtail. you also have to upsize the grounding wire when you upsized the ungrounded (hot) wire (see note in 250.122). this will preclude using most cable assemblies, as a cable with #6 copper will most likely only have a #10 grounding conductor. you need a #6 grounding conductor if the circuit is 20a. a #8 cable is no better, as it will have a #10 grounding conductor too. but most 20a breakers will take a #8 directly.

in your related post, you didn't say what type of load this is. if it is a light or heater, voltage drop won't be a big issue. if this is a motor, the current needs are huge at startup and the voltage drop can pose a problem. if this is a motor, knowing if the motor is under much load during startup will answer the voltage drop effect (a saw is easier to start than a compressor).