3. A ray of light consisting of blue light (wavelength 480 nm) and red light (wavelength 670 nm) is incident on a thick piece of glass at 80°. What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass? (The respective indices of refraction for the blue light and the red light are 1.4636 and 1.4561.)

The angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass is 42.555 - 42.283 = 0.272 degrees.

Explanation:

Given that,

The respective indices of refraction for the blue light and the red light are 1.4636 and 1.4561.

A ray of light consisting of blue light (wavelength 480 nm) and red light (wavelength 670 nm) is incident on a thick piece of glass at 80 degrees.

We need to find the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass.

Using Snell's law for red light as :

Again using Snell's law for blue light as :

The angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass is 42.555 - 42.283 = 0.272 degrees.

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.