A 0.950 kg block is attached to a spring with spring constant 16.0 N/m . While the block is sitting at rest, a student hits it with a hammer and almost instantaneously gives it a speed of 36.0 cm/s .
What is the amplitude of the subsequent oscillations?
What is the block's speed at the point where x= 0.70 A?

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass attached m = 0.95kg

Spring constant k = 16N/m

Instantaneous speed v = 36cm/s = 0.36m/s

Amplitude A=?

When x = 0.7A

Using conservation of energy

∆K.E + ∆P.E = 0

K.E(final) — K.E(initial) + P.E(final) — P.E(initial) = 0

At the beginning immediately the hammer hits the mass, the potential energy is 0J, Therefore, P.E(initial) = 0J, so the speed is maximum.

Also, at the end, at maximum displacement, the speed is zero, therefore, K.E(final) = 0

So, the equation becomes

— K.E(initial) + P.E(final) = 0

K.E(initial) = P.E(final)

½mv² = ½kA²

mv² = kA²

0.95 × 0.36² = 16×A²

0.12312 = 16•A²

A² = 0.12312/16

A² = 0.007695

A = √0.007695

A = 0.088 m

A = 8.8cm

B. Speed at x = 0.7A

Using the same principle above

K.E(initial) = P.E(final)

½mv² = ½kA²

Where A = 0.7A = 0.7 × 0.088 = 0.0614m

Then,

½× 0.95 × v² = ½ × 16 × 0.0614²

0.475v² = 0.0310644

v² = 0.0310644/0.475

v² = 0.0635

v = √0.0635

v = 0.252 m/s

v = 25.2 cm/s

it is the second option.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.