Uniformitarianism Choose one:

A. can be illustrated by scientists' seeing pillow lava forming only underwater, then theorizing that pillow lava found high in the mountains today did nevertheless form underwater.
B. means that neither the scientific past nor the future should be predicted, because physical laws change over time.
C. means that the Earth's surface (its oceans, continents, and atmosphere) has always been the same and always will be the same.
D. is an outdated theory stating that catastrophes like major volcanic eruptions no longer happen.

Uniformitarianism  can be defined as:

A. illustrated by scientists seeing pillow lava forming only underwater, then theorizing that pillow lava found high in the mountains today did nevertheless form underwater.

Explanation:

So, here a term has been given which is Uniformitarianism which is a term from geology that means  a theory which is related to changes of the earth's crust which have occured during the geological history resulted because of the uniform and continuos processes.

It is also known as Doctrine of uniformity. Also can be assumed as that same natural processes and laws that works in our present day observations of scientific methods have always been operated in the universe in past times and are always applicable.

Some examples of uniformitarianism are as follows:

So, here the correct option is A.

air exerts forces on falling objects near earth’s surface.

explanation:

the term 'free falls' refer to object that are falling towards the earth, in a situation in which gravity is the only force acting on the object.

for an object in free fall, the acceleration is constant (g, the gravitational acceleration), and so the velocity of the object constantly increases.

for objects near earth's surface, there is always another force acting on the object: the resistance due to the air. this force is opposed to the direction of fall of the object, and it is proportional to the velocity of the object, so as the object falls down, this force increases up to a point when it balances the force of gravity, and the object continues its motion at constant velocity (called terminal velocity). since in this case gravity is not the only force acting on the object, we are not in a situation of free fall.