What is the thinnest soap film (excluding the case of zero thickness) that appears black when illuminated with light with a wavelength of 470 nmnm ? The index of refraction of the film is 1.33, and there is air on both sides of the film.

Four identical lab carts each have a mass of 200 kg. different masses are added to the carts and the velocities are measured. all carts move to the right.

16. a brave but inadequate rugby player is being pushed backward by an opposing player who is exerting a force of 800 n on him. the mass of the losing player plus equipment is 90.0 kg, and he is accelerating at 1.20m/s2 size 12{1 "." "20"" m/s" rsup { size 8{2} } } {} backward. (a) what is the force of friction between the losing player’s feet and the grass? (b) what force does the winning player exert on the ground to move forward if his mass plus equipment is 110 kg? (c) draw a sketch of the situation showing the system of interest used to solve each part. for this situation, draw a free-body diagram and write the net force equation.

In general what determines whether atoms will form chemical bonds?