A physics professor sitting on a stationary reference frame gives an exam to the students who are on a spaceship traveling at a speed vrelative to stationary frame. The moment the ship passes the professor, she signals the start of the exam. If she wishes her students to have time T0(spaceship time) to complete the exam, how much time should the professor wait (in the stationary frame) before sending a light signal telling them to stop? Draw a spacetime diagram and express the answer time in terms of T0and vand c.

Asheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200oc and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10- 11 m2 /s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m2 -s. also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3 . how far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3 ? assume a linear concentration profile.

Acarpenter builds an exterior house wall with a layer of wood 2.9 cm thick on the outside and a layer of styrofoam insulation 2.3 cm thick on the inside wall surface. the wood has k=0.080w/(m⋅k), and the styrofoam has k= 0.010 w/(m⋅k). the interior surface temperature is 19.0 ∘c , and the exterior surface temperature is -15.0 ∘c . a.)what is the temperature at the plane where the wood meets the styrofoam? celsius b.)what is the rate of heat flow per square meter through this wall? /m^2

According to an observer on earth, planet x is stationary. maria and samir depart earth on their spaceships at the same time, each flying at 0.5c. maria flies toward planet x and samir flies in the opposite direction. according to maria, her voyage to planet x takes 9 years. how many years does maria's voyage take according to samir?