In the video, we looked at the problem of balancing a pencil on your fingertip, which is easy for a long pencil, hard for a short pencil. If you consider a long and a short pencil tipped to the side, the of the shorter pencil is larger.

a longitudinal wave moves energy that is to the direction of the wave’s movement. - true

the aurora is formed when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. these collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora.

auroras are generated by charged solar particles hitting molecules in earth's atmosphere. this usually happens in high latitudes, because our planet’s magnetic field tends to funnel these particles toward the poles. that’s why it can be experienced in northern ohio.