In the diagram, the arrow shows the movement of electric charges through a wire connected to a battery.

A battery with an arrow at its top running from left to right. A black line connects the right end of the battery to the left end by making a series of straight lines to form a rectangular box with the battery as part of the bottom side.
What causes the electric charges to flow from one end of the battery to the other?

a balance in electric potential
a balance in resistance
a difference in electric potential
a difference in resistance

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

How much energy is supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows through a 12-v battery?

A1.5m wire carries a 2 a current when a potential difference of 52 v is applied. what is the resistance of the wire?