A battery has a terminal voltage of 12.0 V when no current flows. Its internal resistance is 2.0 Ω. If a 7.2 Ω resistor is connected across the battery terminals, what is the terminal voltage and what is the current through the 7.2 Ω resistor?

Voltage= 9.4 V

Current= 1.3 A

Explanation:

Equivalent resistance will be the sum of two resistors hence

=2+7.2=9.2Ω

From Ohm's law, V=IR where I is current, R is equivalent resistance and V is voltage

Terminal voltage will be given by V=e-Ir where r is internal resistance, I is current and e is electromotive force.

From Ohm's law, current is given by dividing emf of the battery by the equivalent resistance hence

This is the current through external resistor

Terminal voltage will be given by V=e-Ir hence V=12-(1.3*2)=9.4 V

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