A loudspeaker produces a musical sound by means of the oscillation of a diaphragm. On what does the loudness of produced sound depend ?

A loudspeaker produces a musical sound by means of the oscillation of a diaphragm. The loudness of sound produced depends upon Amplitude of vibration.

Explanation:

The loudness of a sound depends upon the amplitude of vibrations. A sound will be louder if the amplitude of vibration is greater but if it is smaller than sound will not be louder.

Now it is the vibration of a sound that determines it's amplitude. Amplitude signifies the maximum distance moved. It means the extent of vibration If is vibrations have more amplitude than sound will be louder but if the amplitude of vibrations is shorter than the sound will be softer.

The loudness of sound produced depend on the frequency of oscillation, the amplitude of oscillation, the kinetic energy of oscillation

Explanation:

Loudness of an instrument is proportional to its amplitude

The  amplitude ,frequency of the sound wave will be a function of both the speed and the amplitude of the cone.( i.e. keep the amplitude constant and vary the kinetic energy of the oscillation of the speaker cone and the frequency will change. )

If you step slowly into a pool, the ripples you make are reasonably small, whereas if you take a running jump (i.e. high kinetic energy).

what experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?

a few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

the colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.

experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.

cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.