The phase angle of a sinusoidal source determines the value of the source at t=0. A sinusoidal source described by the function cos(ωt+ϕ) has a phase angle of ϕ. By convention, the phase angle’s units are usually specified in degrees, because those units are easier to visualize than the units of radians. Changing the phase angle of a sinusoid shifts it left or right along the time axis but has no effect on the magnitude or frequency of the sinusoid. What is the phase angle of the voltage source described as?

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

                                              ⇒      

here   k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

                                                            [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.

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