In a charging process, 4 × 1013 electrons are removed from one small metal sphere and placed on a second identical sphere. Initially, both metal spheres were neutral. After the charging process, the electrical potential energy associated with the two spheres is found to be −0.063 J. What is the distance between the two spheres?

The distance between the two spheres is 914.41 X 10³ m

Explanation:

Given;

4 X 10¹³ electrons, and its equivalent in coulomb's is calculated as follows;

1 e = 1.602 X 10⁻¹⁹ C

4 X 10¹³ e = 4 X 10¹³ X 1.602 X 10⁻¹⁹ C = 6.408 X 10⁻⁶ C

V = Ed

where;

V is the electrical potential energy between two spheres, J

E is the electric field potential between the two spheres N/C

d is the distance between two charged bodies, m

where;

K is coulomb's constant = 8.99 X 10⁹ Nm²/C²

d = (8.99 X 10⁹ X 6.408 X 10⁻⁶)/0.063

d = 914.41 X 10³ m

Therefore, the distance between the two spheres is 914.41 X 10³ m

it is very well related to a lot of things but with my limited knowledge i can confidently say that the answer is space.

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia