The minimum amount of energy that can be absorbed or released by matter is called

Quantum.

Explanation:

Quantum is defined as the discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.

It is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction or to put simply, it is defined as the minimum amount of energy that can be absorbed or released by matter.

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answer; how far out of place which the object finished relative to the starting location;