Distinguish
between speed, velocity, and acceleration. explain thequantities in
terms of "freely falling" objects.

Velocity and speed both are continuously increasing.

Acceleration is constant.

Explanation:

Speed is defined as length of path covered by a body per unit time. Speed is a scalar quantity that consist of magnitude only and not direction.

Velocity is defined as the displacement per unit times. Displacement is the shortest distance between the two points. It is a vector quantity and  hence has a direction in the direction of displacement along with its own magnitude.

Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity of a body which is a vector quantity. For speed we are concerned about instantaneous acceleration since for a short period of time it may have a specific direction.

diagram is missing, but i will try to explain your doubt.

answer:

amplitude is the maximum displacement or distance moved on a point of a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.it is equal to half the length of vibration path.

iron would move it is magnetic there is a mag field around the current in the wire