Water flows through a horizontal nozzle in steady flow at the rate of 10m3/s. the inlet and outlet diameters are d1 = 0.5m and d2 = 0.25m. water exits the nozzle to the atmosphere. calculate the pressure at the entrance to the nozzle and the force required to hold the nozzle in place. neglect the weight of the nozzle. rho = 1000kg/m3, g = 10m/s2.

P₁ = 2.215 10⁷ Pa, F₁ = 4.3 106 N,

Explanation:

This problem of fluid mechanics let's start with the continuity equation to find the speed of water output

        Q = A v

        v = Q / A

The area of a circle is

       A = π r² = π d² / 4

Let's look at the speeds at each point

       v₁ = Q / A₁ = Q 4 /π d₁²

       v₁ = 10 4 /π 0.5²

       v₁ = 50.93 m / s

       v₂ = Q / A₂

       v₂ = 10 4 /π 0.25²

       v₂ = 203.72 m / s

Now we can use Bernoulli's equation in the colon

       P₁ + ½ ρ v₁² + ρ g y₁ = P₂ + ½ ρ v₂² + ρ g y₂

Since the tube is horizontal y₁ = y₂. The output pressure is P₂ = Patm = 1.013 10⁵ Pa, let's clear

       P₁ = P2 + ½ rho (v₂² - v₁²)

      P₁ = 1.013 10⁵ + ½ 1000 (203.72² - 50.93²)

      P₁ = 1.013 10⁵ + 2.205 10⁷

      P₁ = 2.215 10⁷ Pa

la definicion de presion es

      P₁ = F₁/A₁

     F₁ = P₁ A₁

     F₁ = 2.215 10⁷ pi d₁²/4

     F₁ = 2.215 10⁷ pi 0.5²/4

     F₁ = 4.3 106 N

grav potential energy

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

where is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at , and we know that

so that the position function is

which means the velocity is

then the total distance traveled is

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at and ends at , so its displacement is 0.