Acatfish is spotted at the bottom of a creek. the depth of the water is 2 m. a hunter (with no knowledge of optics) fires a rifle shot, directly aimed at the catfish. the bullet strikes the water at an angle of 40° to the water. assume that the bullet is not deflected by the air/water interface, what is the distance from the bullet hole at the bottom of the creek to the catfish? water: n=1.33. (answer should be 0.97 m)

Two polarizers are oriented at 24.0∘ to one another. light polarized at a 12.0-degree angle to each polarizer passes through both. what is the transmitted intensity (%)?

Unpolarized light falls on two polarizer sheets whose transmission axes are at right angles. a third polarizer is placed between the first two so that its axis makes a 52-degree angle with the axis of the first polarizer. a) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the first polaroid? b) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the second polaroid? c) what is the angle of polarization of the light that enters the third polaroid? d) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the third polaroid. e) what happens if the middle polaroid is removed?

The ultracentrifuge is an important tool for separating and analyzing proteins. because of the enormous centripetal accelerations, the centrifuge must be carefully balanced, with each sample matched by a sample of identical mass on the opposite side. any difference in the masses of opposing samples creates a net force on the shaft of the rotor, potentially leading to a catastrophic failure of the apparatus. suppose a scientist makes a slight error in sample preparation and one sample has a mass 10 mg larger than the opposing sample. if the samples are 12 cm from the axis of the rotor and the ultracentrifuge spins at 70,000 rpm, what is the magnitude of the net force on the rotor due to the unbalanced samples? ( be thorough on your answer)