Suppose a vertebra is subjected to a shearing force of 420 n. find the shear deformation in m, taking the vertebra to be a cylinder 2.6 cm high and 3.6 cm in diameter. the shear modulus for bone is 80 • 109 n/m2.

Explanation:

F = Shearing force = 420 N

= Initial length = 2.6 cm

d = Diameter = 3.6 cm

r = Radius  =

E = Young's modulus =

A = Area =

Change in length is given by

The shear deformation of the vertebra is

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