Which statement best describes how reproduction leads to natural selection in a population?
organisms do not produce many offspring, so all of them can survive and pass on their traits.
organisms overproduce offspring; consequently, all of them are likely to survive and pass on traits.
organisms overproduce offspring, so only some survive and pass on their traits.
organisms do not overproduce offspring; therefore, those that are produced will develop the best traits.

Emmy kicks a soccer ball up at an angle of 45° over a level field. she watches the ball's trajectory and notices that it lands, two seconds after being kicked, about 20 m away to the north. assume that air resistance is negligible, and plot the horizontal and vertical components of the ball's velocity as a function of time. consider only the time that the ball is in the air, after being kicked but before landing. take "north" and "up" as the positive ‑ and ‑directions, respectively, and use ≈10 m/s2 for the downward acceleration due to gravity.