The electromagnetic field is invariant under a gauge transformation of the scalar and vector potential given by a rightarrow a + psi (r, t), phi rightarrow phi - l / c psi / t, where psi is arbitrary (but differentiable). what effect does this gauge transformation have on the lagrangian of a particle moving in the electromagnetic field? is the motion affected?

gans

explanation:

vestigial organs (like your appendix) are organs that no longer serve a purpose.

the motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation. a pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob ) attached by a string to a pivot point. as the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion.

truck y has a greater velocity than truck x.