What was the belief about earth’s crust and landforms before the theory of plate tectonics?

Two identical small charged spheres are a certain distance apart, and each one initially experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude f due to the other. with time, charge gradually leaks off of both spheres. when each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, the magnitude of the electrostatic force will be

The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called a.) the big bang theory b.) the doppler effect c.) hubble’s law d.) solar nebular theory e.) the seyfert theory

On a day when the barometer reads 75.23 cm, a reaction vessel holds 250 ml of ideal gas at 20 celsius. an oil manometer ( ρ= 810 kg/m^3) reads the pressure in the vessel to be 41 cm of oil and below atmospheric pressure. what volume will the gas occupy under s. t.p.?