Why is most space exploration accomplished with spacecraft that do not have astronauts on board

Amass weighing 24 pounds, attached to the end of a spring, stretches it 4 inches. initially, the mass is released from rest from a point 8 inches below the equilibrium position. find the equation of motion. (use g = 32 ft/s2 for the acceleration due to gravity.)

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?

Metals are good conductors of electricity because they