Fermi function. (a) under equilibrium conditions, (i) what is the probability of an electron state being occupied if it is located at the fermi level? at t = 0 k, what is the probability of an electron state being occupied if it located (ii) above the fermi level (iii) below the fermi level (b) plot fermi function for ef=0.5 ev and show the probability of an occupied state δe above ef is equal to the probability of an empty state δe below ef so f(ef +δe) = 1 - f(ef -δe). (c) if the probability of a state being empty at ev - 1kt is equal to the probability of a state being filled at ev - 4kt, where is the fermi level located? (d) if ef is positioned at ec, determine the probability of finding electrons in states ec+3kt (a numerical answer is required). repeat your calculation for the case when ef is positioned at ev and the energy level is located at ev-3kt

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia