By faraday’s law, if a conducting wire of length ℓ meters moves at velocity v m/s perpendicular to a magnetic field of strength b (in teslas), a voltage of size v = − b ℓ v is induced in the wire. assume that b = 2 and ℓ = 0.5 . calculate dv / dv . find the rate of change of v with respect to time t if v ( t ) = 4 t + 9

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

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Aspring is used to stop a 50-kg package which is moving down a 20º incline. the spring has a constant k = 30 kn/m and is held by cables so that it is initially compressed 50 mm. knowing that the velocity of the package is 2 m/s when it is 8 m from the spring and neglecting friction, determine the maximum additional deformation of the spring in bringing the package to rest.