Ahistorical society is testing an old cannon. they
place the cannon in an open, level field and perform
a few test fires to determine the speed at which the
cannonballs leave the cannon. the cannon is placed
at a 45.0° angle from the horizontal and placed in a
bunker so that the cannonballs are fired from ground
level. they measure the flight time of one cannonball
to be 3.78 s. (2.3) m
(a) what is the speed of the cannonball as it leaves
the cannon?

26.2 m/s

Explanation:

We can find the speed of the cannonball just by analyzing its vertical motion. In fact, the initial vertical velocity is

(1)

where u is the initial speed and is the angle of projection.

We can therefore use the following suvat equation for the vertical motion of the ball:

where is the vertical velocity at time t, and is the acceleration of gravity. The time of flight is 3.78 s, so we know that the ball reaches its maximum height at half this time:

And at the maximum height, the vertical velocity is zero:

Substituting these values, we find the initial vertical velocity:

And using eq.(1) we now find the initial speed:

carbon is found in all living things. carbon atoms move constantly through

living organisms, the oceans, the atmosphere, and the earth’s crust in what is

known as the carbon cycle. the directions taken by carbon atoms through this

cycle are very complicated and can take millions of years to make a full circle.

all animals, from humans to the dinosaurs are part of the carbon cycle. when

animals eat food, they get carbon in the form of carbohydrates and proteins.

in animals, oxygen combines with food in the cells to produce energy for daily

activity and then gives off carbon. the carbon combines with oxygen to form

carbon dioxide (co2) and is released back into the atmosphere as a waste

product when animals breathe and exhale.

from 145-65 million years ago, earth was much

hotter than today and covered with dense,

tropical swamp forests. the trees and other

plants were immense and

provided an endless supply of

food for the giant animals that

roamed the land. somewhere in

the air above one of these

forests, a lone carbon atom has joined

up with two oxygen atoms to form a molecule of co2.

the co2 molecule was sucked into the tiny holes (stomata) on the leaf of a

fern plant and joined with sunlight, chlorophyll and water to make food and

energy in the plant’s cells through photosynthesis. the oxygen (o2) from the

co2 molecule was sent back into the atmosphere; the carbon atom (c) was

detached and used to make a molecule of sugar.

if that carbon atom had been eaten instead, a totally

different situation would have developed. let’s say

that a giant plant-eating dinosaur (herbivore) ate the

fern for breakfast, and swallowed the carbon in the

fern in the form of carbohydrates and proteins. in

the process of respiration, oxygen combined with

the carbohydrates and proteins in the dinosaur’s cells

to provide energy for its daily activity.  

as a general rule, scissors have blades less than 6 in (15 cm) long and usually have handles with finger holes of the same size. shears have blades scissors used to cut hair or fabric must be much sharper.