Auniform, rectangular laminar has sides l, and l. it is made of a material with constant coefficient of linear expansion α. if we define the coefficient of area expansion as γ,,m/ (at), how are γ and α related? explain the approximation that you have made.

    γ ≈ 2 α

Explanation:

The thermal expansion of solids in one dimension is given by

       ΔL = α L ΔT

If we fear a square side L * L we must find the square area to see its expansion

       A = L * L

Square the body warms up the area increases a quantity DA and each side increases a quantity DL

       A + DA = (L + ΔL) (L + ΔL)

Let's replace the linear expansion equation

      A + Da = (L + α L ΔT) (L + α L ΔT)

      A + DA = L² + 2 α L Δt + (α L ΔT)²

      A + Da = L2 (1 + 2 α ΔT + α² ΔT²

)

      A = L2

      ΔA / A + DA / A = (1 + 2 α DT + α² DT²)

      1+ DA / A = (1 + 2 α DT + α² ΔT²)

      ΔA / A = (2 α ΔT + α² ΔT²)

In general alpha is small (10⁻⁶ C⁻¹ ) and the temperature changes are not very large (100ºC), so we can neglect the quadratic term

   ΔA = γ A Δt

     γ ≈ 2 α

-4 on

there are no contact forces mentioned on the list of choices that you've provided.