In baseball, a pitcher can accelerate a 0.15-kg ball from rest to 98 mi/h in a distance of 1.7 m.
(a) what is the average force exerted on the ball during the pitch?
(b) if the mass of the ball is increased, is the force required of the pitcher increased, decreased, or unchanged? explain

a) F = 84.64N

b) The force has to increase.

Explanation:

First of all, let's convert everything to the same unit system:

Vo = 0 m/s    Vf = 98 mi/h * 1609.34 m / 1mi * 1h / 3600s = 43.8m/s

d = 1.7m         m = 0.15kg

We can calculate force as:

F = m*a    where a is the acceleration experiencd by the ball and m is its mass.

In order to calculate acceleration, we can use this formula:

   Solving for a:

Now, the force will be:

F = m * a = 84.6N

As we can see in that previous equation, the force is directly proportional to the mass of the ball, so, assuming the final speed of the ball is the same as before (that is, the acceleration is the same), the force will increase in the same proportion as the mass does.

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