If a sunspot has a temperature of 4,760 k and the solar surface has a temperature of 5,800 k, how many times brighter is the surface compared to the sunspot? (hint: use the stefan-boltzmann law.)

Brightness of sun surface = 2.2045 times of brightness of sunspot

Explanation:

We have given temperature of sunspot

Temperature of solar surface

Now according to Stefan's law

, here L is radiated power, A is area, is stefan constant

As the brightness depends on the radiated power

So

Brightness of sun surface = 2.2045 times of brightness of sunspot

answer: the exterior temperature of commercial jet planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground increases steadily.

explanation:

the lower most layer of atmosphere is troposphere which extends from 0 to 12 km above the surface of the earth. the temperature initially decreases as distance is increased from the earth's surface. commercial jets fly in lower part of the stratosphere. the stratosphere extends upto 50 km. the temperature in stratosphere starts rising again due to presence of ozone which traps the uv rays.

thus, when the planes leave the stratosphere and return to the ground, the exterior temperature increases steadily.