When the voyager i and voyager ii spacecraft were exploring the outer planets, nasa flight controllers had to plan the crafts' moves well in advance. how many seconds elapse between the time a command is sent from earth and the time the command is received by voyager at neptune? assume the distance from earth to neptune is 4.76e+12 m.

Explanation:

The signals sent from the earth, travel at the speed of light, therefore the travel time of the signal between the earth and neptune, can be calculated with the following equation, which relates time, speed and distance:

The time elapsed is approximately 4.41 hours

it's a b and

initial speed when it is dropped is 150 ft/s

now at the same moment the acceleration due to gravity is perpendicular to its velocity

so as we know that

now we have centripetal acceleration a = 32 ft/s^2 as its perpendicular to velocity

while tangential acceleration at the same moment will be zero

so

now radius of curvature is given as

so the radius of curvature just after it is dropped is 703.125 ft