What contributions were made by j. j. thomson? the measurement of the electron's charge the discovry the electron and measurinf of its charge-to-mass ratio the revealation that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small region called a nucleus

#1 HE DID GROUNDBREAKING WORK IN CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY IN GASES

Conduction Of Electricity Through Gases

Conduction Of Electricity Through Gases by JJ Thomson

Cathode rays are radiation emitted when a voltage is applied between two metal plates inside a glass tube filled with low-pressure gas. In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays consisted of particles, electrons, that conduct electricity. This research was widely recognized as one of the most important work being done in the scientific community at the time. In 1906, Thomson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases.”

#2 SIR J J THOMSON DISCOVERED THE ELECTRON

From the late 17th century onward, it was widely accepted among the scientific community that the atom was the smallest unit of matter. However, J.J. Thomson conclusively proved otherwise through his experiments with cathode ray tubes that showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles. Thomson thus discovered particles that were 1,800 times lighter than the lightest atom (hydrogen). In May, 1987 he announced the first discovery of sub-atomic particles, which Thomson would call ‘corpuscles’. Later these particles would be named electrons. Thomson’s discovery completely overturned the prevalent belief that atoms were the ‘building blocks of life’ and the smallest particles in the universe.

#3 HIS CATHODE RAY EXPERIMENTS AIDED THE INVENTION OF THE FIRST TELEVISIONS

The Cathode Ray formed the fulcrum of many modern day inventions such as the very first televisions. Earlier, scientists were not sure whether the electric charge from the cathode ray could be separated from the ray itself. During his cathode ray experiments, Thomson applied a magnetic field across the cathode ray tube, thus discovering that the rays were bent away by the magnetic field. This proved that the electrical charge was inseparable from the ray itself. This laid the groundwork for the development of cathode ray tubes which could be used to modulate, accelerate and deflect electron beams onto a screen to create images, thus leading to the invention of the first television sets.

#4 HE DISCOVERED THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENT ISOTOPES IN A STABLE ELEMENT

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons. Earlier it was widely believed that stable or non-radioactive elements did not have isotopes. However, J.J Thomson proved otherwise. In 1912, Thomson and his research assist F.W. Aston conducted experiments on streams of positively charged particles. They channelled neon ions through a magnetic and an electric field on to a photographic plate. They discovered two different patches of light, which led them to conclude that neon was made up of particles with different atomic masses, or isotopes. This was the first instance of different isotopes being discovered in a stable element.

#5 HIS TREATISE ON THE MOTION OF VORTEX RINGS IS A SEMINAL TEXT ON THE SUBJECT

A vortex is a region where a fluid or gas spins around an imaginary axis that forms a closed loop. J.J Thomson’s “Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings” is a seminal text on the subject and it won the Adam’s Prize in 1882. The book received acclaim across the scientific community for its explanation of the subject. It is a comprehensive text book that aided the understanding of the formation, motion and interaction of vortex rings. It is still widely referred today by students and academicians alike.