Amodulator is required to modulate light at 40ghz. (a) what is the maximum length that the modulator can have to do this task if the refractive index is n 2.2 (b) assuming that this length of crystal is not sufficient to create a phase shift at the maximum achievable electric field strength, can you think of a more sophisticated electrode arrangement which allows the driving field and the propagating light to stay in phase over a longer length?

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

statement #3 on andre"s list is false.

answerscientific theory;