Parallaxes of stars were not observed by ancient astronomers. how can this fact be reconciled with the heliocentric hypothesis?

Unpolarized light falls on two polarizer sheets whose transmission axes are at right angles. a third polarizer is placed between the first two so that its axis makes a 52-degree angle with the axis of the first polarizer. a) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the first polaroid? b) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the second polaroid? c) what is the angle of polarization of the light that enters the third polaroid? d) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the third polaroid. e) what happens if the middle polaroid is removed?

The amount of work done is determined by 2 factors. describe an example of work (using the scientific definition) list the 2 factors that determine the amount of work done.

If a rock is thrown upward on the planet mars with a velocity of 10 mys, its height in meters t seconds later is given by y − 10t 2 1.86t 2 . (a) find the average velocity over the given time intervals: (i) [1, 2] (ii) [1, 1.5] (iii) [1, 1.1] (iv) [1, 1.01] (v) [1, 1.001] (b) estimate the instantaneous velocity when t − 1.