How was the earth formed and how has it become what we know today?

Determine the expected diffraction angle for the first-order reflection from the (310) set of planes for bcc chromium when monochromatic radiation of wavelength 0.0735 nm is used. the atomic radius for cr is 0.1249 nm.

Unpolarized light falls on two polarizer sheets whose transmission axes are at right angles. a third polarizer is placed between the first two so that its axis makes a 52-degree angle with the axis of the first polarizer. a) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the first polaroid? b) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the second polaroid? c) what is the angle of polarization of the light that enters the third polaroid? d) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the third polaroid. e) what happens if the middle polaroid is removed?

The arrival of in the early days of europa’s existence could have formed its ocean. it is likely that the water experienced similar to earth. it is also possible that this water is retained beneath europa’s surface and in its atmosphere due to europa’s . 1.) a. precipitation b. water vapor c. icy debris 2.) a. gravitational compression b. biochemical cycling c. radiogenic heating 3.) a, gravity b. magnetic field c. heat energy for plato