One of the early hypotheses to explain the high redshifts of quasars was that these objects had been ejected at very high speeds from other galaxies. this idea was rejected, because no quasars with large blueshifts have been found. explain why we would expect to see quasars with both blueshifted and redshifted lines if they were ejected from nearby galaxies.

Consider a one meter long horizontal pipe with a constant 100 cm^2 cross sectional area. water flows rightward into the pipe at x = 0 with flow velocity 02m/sec at every point within the pipe intake area. at x=1, the rightward flow rate is 0.192 m/sec. assume the water is a conserved quantity in the pipe, so there must be a leak (a sink) somewhere in the pipe. 1. compute net volumetric flow of the source if the system to be in equilibrium. 2. now assume the pipe in the problem has no leaks. compute the net volumetric rate of change for the system.