Find the proton separation energy of: (a) he; (b) 12c (c) 40ca

a) Sp = 19.82 MeV

b) Sp = 15.96 MeV

c) Sp = 26.21240 MeV

Explanation:

He atomic number = 2

He mass number = 4

He molar mass = 4.002602 u

Element with 2-1 atomic number = 1 and Element with mass number = 4-1 = 3 is Tritium

Tritium molar mass = 3.0160492 u

Hydrogen molar mass = 1.00784 u

separation energy

Sp=(3.0160492+1.00784-4.002602)(931.50 MeV/u)     (1 u = 931.5 MeV)

a) Sp = 19.82 MeV

Carbon atomic number 6

Mass number = 12

Element with 6-1 atomic number = 5 and Element with mass number = 12-1 = 11 is Boron 11

Sp=(mass of boron 11+mass of hydrogen+mass of carbon)×931.5

Sp=(11.009305+1.00784-12)×931.5

b) Sp = 15.96 MeV

Calcium atomic number = 20

Calcium mass number = 40

Sp=(mass of potassium+mass of hydrogen+mass of calcium)×931.5

Sp=(39.0983+1.00784-40.078)×931.5

c) Sp = 26.21240 MeV

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according to jean piaget, in what stage of cognitive development are children able to understand conservation task?

b. preoperational

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