1. find the phase space of the harmonic oscillator
x_double_dots + (w^2)x = 0
and the one parameter group of diffeomorphisms gt . also find two different
type of orbits. are these orbits phase curves?
2. consider the nonlinear pendulum
x_double_dots + sin(x) = 0
describe four different types of phase curves for the nonlinear pendulum.

Answerthe energy required is 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁸ j, to three significant figures.explanationwe define electric potential as the ratio electric potential energy to the charge,    then the following gives us the potential difference,      the formula  may be on your formula sheet.the change in electric potential energy would be the energy that would needed to move it from point a to point b. solving for that, we get    using q = 8.00  × 10⁻¹⁹ c and  δv = 2.00 v, we get    the energy required is 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁸ j, to three significant figures.

The answer is  the potential energy of the bob at position b is 1.47 joules.if the maximum height of the bob is 0.45 meters when it swings back,1.323   joules of energy was transformed to thermal energy.hope this