A) why is the following inverse b decay forbidden for a free proton? p net+v b) why is the same reaction sometimes possible if the proton is bound in a nucleus? for example, the following reaction occurs: 13 c) how much energy is released in the reaction in given in b)? take the atomic masses to be m18c) 0.000549 u 13.003355 u and m( 15n) 13.005739 u, and the electron mass to be m(e+)

the results is a decrease in air temperature with an increase of altitude.

explanation:

an energy transformation flow diagram is shown

where is it ?

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.