Which of the following is not one of the main ideas of physical science?

Given the position vector of the particle r(t)=(t+1)i+(t^2−1)j+2t k, find the particle's velocity and acceleration vectors at t=1

1.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the mass defect of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev 2.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the binding energy of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev 3.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the binding energy per nucleon of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev

Debris produced by mining is called