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a cup of was left in the sun for 4 hours. it started with 230j of internal energy and ended with 580j of internal energy.
a) how much heat was transferred?
b) was the heat transferred in or out of the cup?

A) 350 J

- The initial internal energy of the cup is

- The final internal energy of the cup is

According to the first law of thermodynamics:

where

Q is the heat absorbed by the system

W is the work done on the system

The work done on the system in this case is 0, so we can rewrite the equation as

And so we find the heat transferred

B) IN the cup

Explanation:

in this situation, we see that the internal energy of the cup increases. The internal energy of an object/substance is proportional to its temperature, so it is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the object/substance. Therefore, in this case, the temperature (and the energy of the molecules of the substance) has increased: this means that heat has been transferred INTO the system from the environment (the heat came from the sun).

the force on the thing and the distance the force moves the thing