The sun’s light only strikes one side of earth at a time. the dark side of earth stays warm because the sun’s heat a) is stored in the ice caps. b) is trapped by the atmosphere. c) is blown there by the wind. d) is conducted through the earth.

During the day, the atmosphere lets through solar radiation that heats the Earth's surface. Once the surface of the planet has warmed up, this heat is returned to space in the form of infrared radiation.

However, not all infrared radiation is returned to space, because the same atmosphere (specifically carbon dioxide and water vapor present in it) prevents the release of much of this thermal radiation, reflecting part of it and returning it to the surface; thus maintaining the heat and allowing life on our planet. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect.

Thus, of the solar energy that reaches the Earth by radiation, only a small percentage is reflected back into space by the surface and the atmosphere.

In fact, if the atmosphere did not exist, all that heat would completely escape into space and the Earth would cool rapidly during the night.

Therefore, the correct option is B:

the working equation for the angular size is the product of the physical size and 360 degrees divided by the product of two pi and distance from earth. the minimum size would be 0.559 degrees while the maximum size would be 0.49 degrees. 

when jerome paddle in flowing river towards east the net speed of jerome will increase

so the net speed of jerome will be given as

now the speed of paul will be same as it is given as he is running on the ground

so

so here we can say since the speed of jerome is more so he will win the race

now as we know the distance so the time difference is given as

so jerome will reach first and the time difference will be 203.55 s or 3.4 min