The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light in air is 632.8 nm.
(a) what is its frequency?
(b) what is its wavelength in glass that has an index of refractionof 1.48?
(c) what is its speed in the glass?

(a)

The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is given by:

where

is the speed of the wave in a vacuum (speed of light)

is the wavelength

In this problem, we have laser light with wavelength

. Substituting into the formula, we find its frequency:

(b) 427.6 nm

The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is given by:

where

is the original wavelength in a vacuum (approximately equal to that in air)

is the index of refraction of the medium

In this problem, we have

n = 1.48 (index of refraction of glass)

Substituting into the formula,

(c)

The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is

where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and n is the refractive index of the medium.

Since in this problem n=1.48, we find

answer

procedural programming, object-oriented programming

explanation

procedural programming is a type of computer programming language that specifies a series of well structured steps and procedures   within its development period of time. it contains a systematic order of statements, functions and commands to complete a computational task or program. it is centered on creating procedures. while object oriented programming is a programming language that is centered on creating objects rather that actions and data rather than logic.. it has four principles which are inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation