Which of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian planets? a) jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen, saturn is made mostly of helium, uranus is made mostly of hydrogen compounds, and neptune is made mostly of rock. b) jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen and helium, while the other three jovian planets are made mostly of hydrogen compounds. c) all four planets have essentially the same composition. d) jupiter and saturn have compositions that are fairly different from the compositions of uranus and neptune.

Jovian Planets (means "similar to Jupiter") is the name given to the "gaseous giant" planets of our solar system. Although they share many similarities, they have certain differences.

For example, Jupiter and Saturn are classified as "gas giants", while Uranus and Neptune are "ice giants".

This is also due to the fact that Uranus and Neptune have higher concentrations of methane (hence its bluish color) and some heavier elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. On the other hand, Jupiter and Saturn tend to be orange-white in appearance due to the mixture of hydrogen that gives off a red aspect.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

the answer is a. hope this .