How do the numbers of protons and electrons in an atom affect its electrical charge

As long as the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, the atom remains uncharged, or neutral. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an electrically charged ion. ... An atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged cation.

Explanation:

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if an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, its net charge is 0. if it gains an extra electron, it becomes negatively charged and known as an anion. if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged and is known as a cation.

waves moving from a fast medium to a slow medium will experience a reflection as light travels more slowly than red light. total internal reflection occurs when the critical angle is.