Which principle explains how fiber optics can transmit data in the form of light pulses over large distances with little loss in signal strength? total internal reflection the index of refraction the index of reflection total internal refraction

fiber-optic cable is composed of two concentric layers, called the core and the cladding, as illustrated in Figure 3-1. The core and cladding have different refractive indices, with the core having a refractive index of n1, and the cladding having a refractive index of n2. The index of refraction is a way of measuring the speed of light in a material. Light travels fastest in a vacuum. The actual speed of light in a vacuum is 300,000 kilometers per second, or 186,000 miles per second.

layers of the earth affect the waves and these effects are seen on instruiments such as seimometers