An infectious disease causes an increase in individual hosts' risk of mortality in large cities, but not in small towns. This is an example of:

The nurse working at the senior center notices mrs jones, a 78-year old crying. the nurse approach mrs jones and asks if she needs . mrs jones stars “ i am so embarrassed. i had another accident and my pants are all wet. it’s like i’m a baby. i never should have come to the senior center." whar factors may be contributing to urinary incontinence? how should the nurse respond to mrs jones?