The effect of the drug fluoxetine (Prozac) on isolated rat brain mitochondria was examined by measuring the rate of electron transport (units not given) in the presence of various combinations of substrates and inhibitors . (a) How do pyruvate and malate serve as substrates for electron transport?
(b) What is the effect of fluoxetine on electron transport? Explain.
(c) Fluoxetine can also inhibit ATP synthase. Why might long-term use of fluoxetine be a concern?
Rate of Electron Transport
[Fluoxetine], (mM) pyruvate + malate succinate + rotenone ascorbate + TMPD
0 163 ± 15.1 145 ± 14.2 184 ± 22.2
0.15 77 ± 7.3 131 ± 13.5 116 ± 13.9

between the two muscle layers is the myenteric or auerbach's plexus, which controls peristalsis. in the colon, the muscularis externa is much thicker because the feces are large and heavy, requiring more force to push along. the stomach has a third layer of muscularis externa: the inner oblique layer.

5. method

15. communicate, transport

18. component

21. learn

22. preceding

23. display

24. area

25. anomalous, unusual, unconventional

answer: no, they are not.*

although rubber bands that contain excessive amounts of dye, toxins, or additives are sometimes toxic, most rubber bands do not cause any health issues. since they are typically made of latex, (a natural substance that is extracted from trees) they are not dangerous in any way if you chew them or accidentally ingest a piece of rubber band. however, chewing rubber bands does pose a choking hazard and is not a good habit to have.

*depending on the type of rubber band. the typical rubber bands that you see at stores are not toxic, but other types of rubber or latex that contains certain chemicals may be unhealthy and hazardous.

answer:

Our freedom of choice in a competitive society rests on the fact that, if one person refuses to satisfy our wishes, we can turn to another. But if we face a monopolist we are at his absolute mercy. ... There is no consensus as to whether an increase in economic freedom of choice leads to an increase in happiness.

Explanation:

It is so important to understand that we are all making choices all the time, even when we chose not to choose we have still made a choice. It is our choices that determine our experiences. ... Unless we are willing to take full responsibility for ourselves and the choices we make, we have no control over our lives