How do biological clocks use feedback and feed-forward inhibition to control sleep-wake cycle

Mr rogers is 2 days postoperative of a thoracotomy of removal of a malignant mass in his left chest. his pain is being managed via epidural catheter with morphine. as the nurse assumes care of mr rogers, he is alert and fully oriented and states that his current pain is 2 on a 1 -to-10 scale. his vital signs are 37.8-92-12, 138/82. what are benefits of epidural versus systemic administration of opioids? the nurse monitors mr roger’s respiratory status and vital signs every 2 hours. what is the rationale for this frequent assessments? the nurse monitors mr rogers for what other complications of epidural anelgesis?

In regards to acetyl coa in the tca/kreb's cycle: how many cycles minimum would it take for an acetyl coa carbon to be removed? (what is the first step that this removal could happen? why can't we know for sure how many turns it takes?

Anurse is assessing a client who receives monthly injections of cyanocobalamin. which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication? a. absence of hand tremors b. hematocrit 45% c. potassium 3.8 meq/l d. improved appetite