Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds

Ionic bonding occurs between atoms that have opposite needs for electrons (metals and nonmetals) and results in a transfer of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs between atoms that have similar needs for electrons (two nonmetals) and results in a sharing of electrons. ... Covalent compounds contain neutral atoms.

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Explanation:

Similarities Between Ionic and Covalent Bonds

The differences between bonds are clearly important because ionic and covalent compounds work so differently, but there are a surprising number of similarities. The most obvious similarity is that the result is the same: Both ionic and covalent bonding lead to the creation of stable molecules.

The reactions that create ionic and covalent bonds are exothermic because elements bond together to lower their potential energy. By nature, this process releases energy in the form of heat.

Although the specifics differ, the valence electrons are involved in both bonding processes. For ionic bonding, valence electrons are gained or lost to form a charged ion, and in covalent bonding, the valence electrons are shared directly.

The molecules that were created through ionic and covalent bonds are electrically neutral. In the covalent bond, this is because two electrically neutral components join together, but in the ionic bond, it is because the two charges join and cancel each other.

Ionic and covalent bonds are formed in already fixed amounts. For ionic bonds, fixed amounts of ions bind to form an electrically neutral whole with the amounts depending on the excess charge on the specific ions involved. In the covalent junction, they bind according to the amount of electrons they need to share to fill their valence layers.

Differences Between Ionic and Covalent Bonds

The differences between the links are easier to detect, but they are equally important if you are trying to understand the chemical bonds. The most obvious difference is the way in which these links are formed. However, there are other differences that are equally important.

The individual components of a covalently bonded molecule are electrically neutral, whereas in ionic bonding they are both charged. This has important consequences when they’re dissolved in a solvent.  

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